It involves planning and producing a precise series of movements. § Typically eliminated by 2.Speech is a complex process. Denasalization – the substitution of a nasal consonant (“n” or “m”) with a non-nasal consonant (“b” or “d”) Reduplication – the repetition of a complete or incomplete syllable in substation for a wordģ. § Typically outgrown by age three but can linger until age nine in more severe cases of phonological delayĢ. Assimilation – when a consonant sound in a word starts to sound the same as another consonant in the word § The unstressed syllable is usually the one children eliminateĪssimilation processes: when sounds/syllables start to sound like surrounding soundsġ. Syllable reduction – the elimination of a syllable from a word that contains two or more syllables § Typically experienced by children with more sever phonological delaysĤ. Initial consonant deletion – the elimination of the beginning consonant of a word ![]() Final Consonant Deletion – the elimination of the final consonant in a wordģ. § Usually outgrown by 4 years old except for words starting with “s”Ģ. Cluster reduction – the reduction of a consonant cluster (two consonants next to one another) to one consonant Syllable Structure Processes: syllables are reduced, omitted or repeatedġ. Fronting - the term used when sounds that should be made in the back of the mouth (velar) are replaced with a sound made in the front of the mouth (alveolar) § Depending on the fricative sound this process is eliminated between the ages of three and sixĥ. § Age of elimination of this process varies from child to childĤ. Vowelization – the substitution of a vowel sound for “l” or “er” sounds § Typically only occurs in children with more sever phonological delaysģ. ![]() Backing – the substitution of a sound produced in the front of the mouth (like “t” or “n”) with a sound produced in the back of the mouth (like “k” or “g”) Gliding – the substitution of a liquid sound (typically letter “l” or “r”) with a glide sound (letters “w”, “y” or “j”)Ģ. Substitution Processes: replacing one class of sounds for another class of soundsġ. Speech-Language Pathologists (Profession) Speech-Language-Hearing Assessments (Assessment category) Please include attribution to with this graphic. By age five most children naturally outgrow their use of phonological error patterns.Ĭlick here for a printer-friendly version of this infographic They do this because they lack the ability to appropriately coordinate their lips, tongue, teeth, palate and jaw for clear speech. Phonological processes: patterns of sound errors that typically developing children use to simplify speech as they are learning to talk.
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